Consonants & Vowels Point of Articulation

In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an articulatory gesture, an active articulator (typically some part of the tongue), and a passive location (typically some part of the roof of the mouth). Along with the manner of articulation and the phonation, this gives the consonant its distinctive sound.

The International Phonetic Alphabet recognises the following places of articulation (among others): 
 

Bilabial	The point of maximum constriction is made by the coming together of the two lips.
Labiodental	The lower lip articulates with the upper teeth.
Dental	The tip of the tongue articulates with the back or bottom of the top teeth.
Alveolar	The tip or the blade of the tongue articulates with the forward part of the alveolar ridge. A sound made with the tip of the tongue here is an apico-alveolar sound; one made with the blade, a lamino-alveolar.
Postalveolar	The tip or the blade of the tongue articulates with the back area of the alveolar ridge.
Palatal	The front of the tongue articulates with the domed part of the hard palate.
Velar	The back of the tongue articulates with the soft palate.
Uvular	The back of the tongue articulates with the very back of the soft palate, including the uvula.
Pharyngeal	The pharynx is constricted by the faucal pillars moving together (lateral compression) and, possibly, by the larynx being raised. "It is largely a sphincteric semi-closure of the oro-pharynx, and it can be learned by tickling the back of the throat, provoking retching" (Catford 1978:163).
Glottal	The vocal folds are brought together; in some cases, the function of the vocal folds can be part of articulation as well as phonation, as in the case of [] and [h] in many languages.

Sources:

http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/jcoleman/PLACE.htm

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_of_articulation